We are using the Mailgun provider to send our emails through Rock. Every once and a while the emails that go out are just full of random text and not what we sent. Has anyone else ran into this? Here is an example of an email that was sent through Rock:

Here is how it was sent by Mailgun and how it looks in Yahoo / Outlook:

Here is what the mail gun logs show they received from Rock and emailed out.

Any help would be appreciated.